Bhagavad Gita 2.21

 

Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2, Verse 21 – The Eternal Nature of the Soul

Verse in Sanskrit:

वेधावी न हन्तारं हन्ति न हन्यते |
यं हि नित्यं वेद नायं हन्ति न हन्यते || २.२१ ||

Translation:

He who knows the soul to be eternal, unborn, and imperishable—how can such a person slay or cause another to be slain?

जो आत्मा को नित्य, अजन्मा और अविनाशी जानता है, वह कैसे किसी को मार सकता है या मरवा सकता है ?

Explanation:

This verse is part of Lord Krishna’s teachings to Arjuna in the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, also known as the Sankhya Yoga. Here, Krishna explains the eternal nature of the soul (Atman) and reassures Arjuna about the imperishable nature of the self.

Key Themes in Verse 2.21:

1. The Eternal Soul (Atman)

Krishna emphasizes that the soul is eternal (nitya), meaning it does not undergo birth or death. The body may perish, but the soul remains unchanged. This knowledge removes fear and attachment associated with the physical world.

2. Beyond Killing and Being Killed

Since the soul is indestructible, the concept of "killing" does not apply to it. This refutes the illusion that one can truly destroy another being. The body is perishable, but the soul transcends death, making actions like killing or being killed insignificant on a spiritual level.

3. Liberation from Fear and Sorrow

Krishna’s teaching aims to help Arjuna overcome his grief and hesitation. If one truly understands that the soul is indestructible, then emotions like fear, sorrow, and attachment lose their power.

4. Detachment and Duty (Dharma)

Understanding the nature of the soul allows a person to act without attachment. Arjuna’s duty as a warrior (Kshatriya Dharma) is to fight for righteousness (Dharma). If he remains attached to the idea of killing and death, he will be unable to perform his duty effectively.

Relevance in Modern Life

• Overcoming Fear of Death: This verse teaches that death is just a transition and should not be feared.
• Performing Duties with Detachment: One should fulfill responsibilities without being overly attached to success or failure.
• Understanding the Self: Realizing that we are more than just our physical bodies leads to inner peace and a higher perspective on life.

Conclusion

Bhagavad Gita 2.21 is a powerful reminder of the eternal nature of the soul. By truly understanding this wisdom, one can rise above fear, sorrow, and hesitation, embracing life with courage and clarity. Lord Krishna’s message encourages self-realization, detachment, and fearless action in accordance with Dharma.