Bhagavad Gita Chapter 7, Verse 4,

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Understanding Bhagavad Gita Chapter 7, Verse 4

Sanskrit Verse:

भूमिरापोऽनलो वायुः खं मनो बुद्धिरेव च |
अहंकार इतीयं मे भिन्ना प्रकृतिरष्टधा || 7.4

Transliteration :

bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ
khaṁ mano buddhir eva ca
ahaṅkāra itīyaṁ me
bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā

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Translation (English):

"Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intellect, and ego—these eight constitute My separated material energies."

" पृथ्वी, जल, अग्नि, वायु, आकाश, मन, बुद्धि और अहंकार - ये आठ मेरी पृथक भौतिक शक्तियां हैं। "

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Explanation:

In this verse, Lord Krishna reveals to Arjuna the fundamental elements that make up the material world. He states that all of nature—everything we see, feel, and experience—is made of eight components. These are:

1. Bhūmi (Earth) – representing solid matter

2. Āpaḥ (Water) – representing liquids

3. Analaḥ (Fire) – representing energy or transformation

4. Vāyuḥ (Air) – representing gases and movement

5. Kham (Ether/Space) – representing the space in which matter exists

6. Manas (Mind) – responsible for sensory perception

7. Buddhi (Intellect) – the faculty of reasoning and discrimination

8. Ahaṅkāra (Ego) – the sense of identity or "I-ness"

These eight together form prakṛti, or nature, which is Krishna’s external energy. Krishna calls it "bhinnā" (separated) because it is distinct from His internal, spiritual energy (which He explains in the next verse).

This verse shows the scientific depth of the Gita, describing not only the physical elements but also psychological components like mind, intellect, and ego as part of material nature.

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Spiritual Insight:

This verse teaches us that we are not the body or mind, because they are material and separate from the soul. The real self (the Atman) is different from these eight elements. Understanding this helps a seeker to rise above material attachment and move towards spiritual realization.

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